And so now the hurly-burly’s done, the battle’s lost and won — the Battle of Hogwarts, that is — and all the secrets are out of the Sorting Hat. Those who bet Harry Potter would die lost their money; the boy who lived turned out to be exactly that. And if you think that’s a spoiler at this late date, you were never much of a Potter fan to begin with. The outrage over the early reviews (Mary Carole McCauley of The Baltimore Sun, Michiko Kakutani of The New York Times) has faded…although the sour taste lingers for many fans.
It lingers for me, too, although it doesn’t have anything to do with the ultimately silly concept of ‘’spoilers,” or the ethics of jumping the book’s pub date. The prepublication vow of omertà was, after all, always a thing concocted by publishers Bloomsbury and Scholastic, and not — so far as I know — a part of either the British Magna Carta or the U.S. Constitution. Nor does Jo Rowling’s impassioned protest (”I am staggered that some American newspapers have decided to publish…reviews in complete disregard of the wishes of literally millions of readers, particularly children…”) cut much ice with me. These books ceased to be specifically for children halfway through the series; by Goblet of Fire, Rowling was writing for everyone, and knew it.

The clearest sign of how adult the books had become by the conclusion arrives — and splendidly — in Deathly Hallows, when Mrs. Weasley sees the odious Bellatrix Lestrange trying to finish off Ginny with a Killing Curse. ”NOT MY DAUGHTER, YOU BITCH!” she cries. It’s the most shocking bitch in recent fiction; since there’s virtually no cursing (of the linguistic kind, anyway) in the Potter books, this one hits home with almost fatal force. It is totally correct in its context — perfect, really — but it is also a quintessentially adult response to a child’s peril.
The problem with the advance reviews — and those that followed in the first post-publication days — is one that has dogged Rowling’s magnum opus ever since book 4 (Goblet of Fire), after the series had become a worldwide phenomenon. Due to the Kremlin-like secrecy surrounding the books, all reviews since 2000 or so have been strictly shoot-from-the-lip. The reviewers themselves were often great — Ms. Kakutani ain’t exactly chopped liver — but the very popularity of the books has often undone even the best intentions of the best critical writers. In their hurry to churn out column inches, and thus remain members of good standing in the Church of What’s Happening Now, very few of the Potter reviewers have said anything worth remembering. Most of this microwaved critical mush sees Harry — not to mention his friends and his adventures — in only two ways: sociologically (”Harry Potter: Boon or Childhood Disease?”) or economically (”Harry Potter and the Chamber of Discount Pricing”). They take a perfunctory wave at things like plot and language, but do little more…and really, how can they? When you have only four days to read a 750-page book, then write an 1,100-word review on it, how much time do you have to really enjoy the book? To think about the book? Jo Rowling set out a sumptuous seven-course meal, carefully prepared, beautifully cooked, and lovingly served out. The kids and adults who fell in love with the series (I among them) savored every mouthful, from the appetizer (Sorcerer’s Stone) to the dessert (the gorgeous epilogue of Deathly Hallows). Most reviewers, on the other hand, bolted everything down, then obligingly puked it back up half-digested on the book pages of their respective newspapers.
And because of that, very few mainstream writers, from Salon to The New York Times, have really stopped to consider what Ms. Rowling has wrought, where it came from, or what it may mean for the future. The blogs, by and large, haven’t been much better. They seem to care about who lives, who dies, and who’s tattling. Beyond that, it’s all pretty much duh.
So what did happen? Where did this Ministry of Magic come from?
Well, there were straws in the wind. While the academics and bighead education critics were moaning that reading was dead and kids cared about nothing but their Xboxes, iPods, Avril Lavigne, and High School Musical, the kids they were worried about were quietly turning on to the novels of one Robert Lawrence Stine. Known in college as ”Jovial Bob” Stine, this fellow gained another nickname later in life, as — ahem — ”the Stephen King of children’s literature.” He wrote his first teen horror novel (Blind Date) in 1986, years before the advent of Pottermania…but soon you couldn’t glance at a USA Today best-seller list without seeing three or four of his paperbacks bobbing around in the top 50.
These books drew almost no critical attention — to the best of my knowledge, Michiko Kakutani never reviewed Who Killed the Homecoming Queen? — but the kids gave them plenty of attention, and R.L. Stine rode a wave of kid popularity, partly fueled by the fledgling Internet, to become perhaps the best-selling children’s author of the 20th century. Like Rowling, he was a Scholastic author, and I have no doubt that Stine’s success was one of the reasons Scholastic took a chance on a young and unknown British writer in the first place. He’s largely unknown and uncredited…but of course John the Baptist never got the same press as Jesus either.
Rowling has been far more successful, critically as well as financially, because the Potter books grew as they went along. That, I think, is their great secret (and not so secret at that; to understand the point visually, buy a ticket to Order of the Phoenix and check out former cutie Ron Weasley towering over Harry and Hermione). R.L. Stine’s kids are kids forever, and the kids who enjoyed their adventures grew out of them, as inevitably as they outgrew their childhood Nikes. Jo Rowling’s kids grew up…and the audience grew up with them.
This wouldn’t have mattered so much if she’d been a lousy writer, but she wasn’t — she was and is an incredibly gifted novelist. While some of the blogs and the mainstream media have mentioned that Rowling’s ambition kept pace with the skyrocketing popularity of her books, they have largely overlooked the fact that her talent also grew. Talent is never static, it’s always growing or dying, and the short form on Rowling is this: She was far better than R.L. Stine (an adequate but flavorless writer) when she started, but by the time she penned the final line of Deathly Hallows (”All was well.”), she had become one of the finer stylists in her native country — not as good as Ian McEwan or Ruth Rendell (at least not yet), but easily the peer of Beryl Bainbridge or Martin Amis.
And, of course, there was the magic. It’s what kids want more than anything; it’s what they crave. That goes back to the Brothers Grimm, Hans Christian Andersen, and good old Alice, chasing after that wascally wabbit. Kids are always looking for the Ministry of Magic, and they usually find it.
One day in my hometown of Bangor, I was walking up the street and observed a dirty-faced boy of about 3 with scabbed knees and a look of extreme concentration on his face. He was sitting on the dirt strip between the sidewalk and the asphalt. He had a stick in his hand and kept jabbing it into the dirt. ”Get down there!” he cried. ”Get down there, dammit! You can’t come out until I say the Special Word! You can’t come out until I say so!”
Several people passed by the kid without paying much attention (if any). I slowed, however, and watched as long as I could — probably because I have spent so much time telling the things inhabiting my own imagination to get back down and not come out until I say so. I was charmed by the kid’s effortless make-believe (always assuming it was make-believe, heh-heh-heh). And a couple of things occurred to me. One was that if he had been an adult, the cops would have taken him away either to the drunk tank or to our local Dreamboat Manor for a psychiatric exam. Another was that kids exhibiting paranoid-schizophrenic tendencies are simply accepted in most societies. We all understand that kids are crazy until they hit 8 or so, and we cut their groovy, anything-goes minds some slack.
This happened around 1982, while I was getting ready to write a long story about children and monsters (It), and it influenced my thinking on that novel a great deal. Even now, years later, I think of that kid — a little Minister of Magic using a dead twig for a wand — with affection, and hope he didn’t consider himself too old for Harry Potter when those books started appearing. He might have; sad to think so, but one thing J.R.R. Tolkien acknowledges that Rowling doesn’t is that sometimes — often, really — the magic goes away.
It was children whom Ms. Rowling — like her Fear Street precursor, but with considerably more skill — captivated first, demonstrating with the irrefutable logic of something like 10 bazillion books sold that kids are still perfectly willing to put aside their iPods and Game Boys and pick up a book…if the magic is there. That reading itself is magical is a thing I never doubted. I’d give a lot to know how many teenagers (and preteens) texted this message in the days following the last book’s release: DON’T CALL ME TODAY I’M READING.
The same thing probably happened with R.L. Stine’s Goosebumps books, but unlike Stine, Rowling brought adults into the reading circle, making it much larger. This is hardly a unique phenomenon, although it seems to be one associated mainly with British authors (there was Huckleberry Finn, of course, a sequel to its YA little brother Tom Sawyer). Alice in Wonderland began as a story told to 10-year-old Alice Liddell by Charles Dodgson (a.k.a. Lewis Carroll); it is now taught in college lit courses. And Watership Down, Richard Adams’ version of The Odyssey (featuring rabbits instead of humans), began as a story told to amuse the author’s preteen daughters, Juliet and Rosamond, on a long car drive. As a book, though, it was marketed as an ”adult fantasy” and became an international best-seller.
Maybe it’s the British prose. It’s hard to resist the hypnotism of those calm and sensible voices, especially when they turn to make-believe. Rowling was always part of that straightforward storytelling tradition (Peter Pan, originally a play by the Scot J.M. Barrie, is another case in point). She never loses sight of her main theme — the power of love to turn bewildered, often frightened, children into decent and responsible adults — but her writing is all about story. She’s lucid rather than luminous, but that’s okay; when she does express strong feelings, she remains their mistress without denying their truth or power. The sweetest example in Deathly Hallows comes early, with Harry remembering his childhood years in the Dursley house. ”It gave him an odd, empty feeling to remember those times,” Rowling writes. ”[I]t was like remembering a younger brother whom he had lost.” Honest; nostalgic; not sloppy. It’s a small example of the style that enabled Jo Rowling to bridge the generation gap without breaking a sweat or losing the cheerful dignity that is one of the series’ great charms.
Her characters are lively and well-drawn, her pace is impeccable, and although there are occasional continuity drops, the story as a whole hangs together almost perfectly over its 4,000-plus page length.
And she’s in full possession of that famously dry British wit, as when Ron, trying to tune in an outlaw news broadcast on his wizard radio, catches a snatch of a pop song called ”A Cauldron Full of Hot Strong Love.” Must have been some witchy version of Donna Summer doing that one. There’s also her wry send-up of the British tabloids — about which I’m sure she knows plenty — in the person of Rita Skeeter, perhaps the best name to be hung on a fictional character since those of Jonathan Swift. When Elphias Doge, the perfect magical English gentleman, calls Rita ”an interfering trout,” I felt like standing up and giving a cheer. Take that, Page Six! There’s a lot of meat on the bones of these books — good writing, honest feeling, a sweet but uncompromising view of human nature…and hard reality: NOT MY DAUGHTER, YOU BITCH! The fact that Harry attracted adults as well as children has never surprised me.
Are the books perfect? Indeed not. Some sections are too long. In Deathly Hallows, for instance, there’s an awful lot of wandering around and camping in that tent; it starts to feel like Ms. Rowling running out the clock on the school year to fit the format of the previous six books.
And sometimes she falls prey to the Robinson Crusoe syndrome. In Crusoe, whenever the marooned hero requires something, he ventures out to his ship — which has conveniently run aground on the reef surrounding his desert island — and takes what he needs from stores (in one of the most amusing continuity flubs in the history of English literature, Robinson once swims out naked…then fills his pockets). In much the same manner, whenever Harry and his friends get into a tight corner, they produce some new spell — fire, water to douse the fire, stairs that conveniently turn into a slide — and squiggle free. I accepted most of these, partly because there’s enough child in me to react gleefully rather than doubtfully (in a way, the Potter books are The Joy of Magic rather than The Joy of Cooking) but also because I understand that magic is its own thing, and probably boundless. Still, by the time the Battle of Hogwarts was reaching its climax of clumping giants, cheering portraits, and flying wizards, I almost longed for someone to pull out a good old MAC-10 and start blasting away like Rambo.
If all those creative spells — produced at the right moment like the stuff from Crusoe’s ship — were a sign of creative exhaustion, it’s the only one I saw, and that’s pretty amazing. Mostly Rowling is just having fun, knocking herself out, and when a good writer is having fun, the audience is almost always having fun too. You can take that one to the bank (and, Reader, she did).
One last thing: The bighead academics seem to think that Harry’s magic will not be strong enough to make a generation of nonreaders (especially the male half) into bookworms…but they wouldn’t be the first to underestimate Harry’s magic; just look at what happened to Lord Voldemort. And, of course, the bigheads would never have credited Harry’s influence in the first place, if the evidence hadn’t come in the form of best-seller lists. A literary hero as big as the Beatles? ”Never happen!” the bigheads would have cried. ”The traditional novel is as dead as Jacob Marley! Ask anyone who knows! Ask us, in other words!”
But reading was never dead with the kids. Au contraire, right now it’s probably healthier than the adult version, which has to cope with what seems like at least 400 boring and pretentious ”literary novels” each year. While the bigheads have been predicting (and bemoaning) the postliterate society, the kids have been supplementing their Potter with the narratives of Lemony Snicket, the adventures of teenage mastermind Artemis Fowl, Philip Pullman’s challenging His Dark Materials trilogy, the Alex Rider adventures, Peter Abrahams’ superb Ingrid Levin-Hill mysteries, the stories of those amazing traveling blue jeans. And of course we must not forget the unsinkable (if sometimes smelly) Captain Underpants. Also, how about a tip of the old tiara to R.L. Stine, Jo Rowling’s jovial John the Baptist?
I began by quoting Shakespeare; I’ll close with the Who: The kids are alright. Just how long they stay that way sort of depends on writers like J.K. Rowling, who know how to tell a good story (important) and do it without talking down (more important) or resorting to a lot of high-flown gibberish (vital). Because if the field is left to a bunch of intellectual Muggles who believe the traditional novel is dead, they’ll kill the damn thing.
It’s good make-believe I’m talking about. Known in more formal circles as the Ministry of Magic. J.K. Rowling has set the standard: It’s a high one, and God bless her for it.

He was really a fascist — using the most progressive rhetoric to promote regressive ends, the first of which was to stay in power forever. It was a tragedy, because a man of his undoubted capability could have done a lot of good for his country”

- Pervez Musharraf on Bhutto

At the time of purchasing the book, I noted three odd things about it. First, the picture that I was accustomed to seeing on the promotional cover jacket online, in which Musharraf is shown saluting someone, had been replaced with his another photo in a rather meditative mood. The second thing that I noticed was the absence of footnotes. Since we were anticipating his version on uncountable contentious issues, I was at least expecting his book to carry some verifiable references to other works or documents. The third is the issue of the publishing rights of the book, which are reserved in his name. I believe that at least his staff officer Brigadier Afzal Bajwa should have been given some reward for having painstakingly transcribing this magnus opus.

The book has three dimensions: personal, political and personal-political. While his personal life has been really very interesting, some episodes are narrated rather crudely. As for his views on politics before his rise to the power echelons are concerned, I daresay they are mostly politically incorrect. And the third portion that discusses his personal involvement in the contentious political issues, both in the military and the civilian domains, offers challenging reading owing to lack of contextual relevance. It is in this section that you realise that statements even in the same chapters do not match, which essentially implies that they were neither jotted down in long regular sessions nor edited any differently. Perhaps, Musharraf was really in terrible haste to get it published.

Now, it is really difficult for one to carry out a point by point analysis of his book, as one would have actually desired. So many facts have been crammed into mere 335 pages. Perhaps, the sanest idea would be to pluck out some important issues and discuss them. The rest can be left for later discussions. But before I proceed any further, let me qualify a point I made in my last column. In my piece titled ‘A frisson of terror’ dated September 24, I had written: “And frankly, it seems a bit odd to find a sitting general- president writing a book on sensitive matters when even his recently retired colleagues cannot express themselves before the media owing to the Official Secrets Act.” Unfortunately, some of our friends have tried to imply that since all of the facts reproduced in the book were already being speculated widely, they did not constitute an offence. Alas, the matter is not that simple. There is huge a difference between someone’s speculations or obtaining information through anonymous sources and a sitting army chief and self-styled president dishing out indictments in his official memoirs.

The General has made no bones about the fact that he never had respect or tolerance for authority, a psychological reason for that could be that abbreviation of his name PM gave him political ambitions from the very start as that is often used as the shorthand for the prime minister — the most powerful constitutional post of the country, hence we could not expect him to be too subtle. But to jeopardise the country’s security and interests just to earn a few quick bucks is really saddening. Now anyone can use his words for the official version and hence use them to implicate Pakistan in considerably damaging situations. Perhaps, a few points would be enough to elucidate my position.

At this moment, I am welling with troubling thoughts and at a loss where to begin. Should I begin from page 59 where while discussing the purported A and B areas, the General slips in his distorted facts regarding his disagreements with the Baloch sardars or his attempts at calling Bhutto a hypocrite for banning booze when he himself conveniently forgets to mention in his book his own predilection for spirits. His suspicions regarding Zia’s assassination, which he could not muster up courage to reveal, or his sheer bravado in recollecting even the minute details of what I am obliged to call his 1999 counter-conspiracy (if his was a counter-coup against Nawaz’s coup, and if the premier’s was a conspiracy, his was indeed a counter-conspiracy).

There is one sad point in his book that highlights a character flaw. He rarely admires anyone who does not serve his interest. May it be Ali Kuli Khan, Kakar, Ziauddin, Nawaz Sharif or his DGMO when he was the deputy director. But to be fair with those whom he has appreciated, like the officers who helped him takeover or the beleaguered former premier Jamali, he has tried to present them too as his personal pets. (Chapter 14)

But before anything else can be discussed, I should highlight two impressions that I had while reading the book. First, while his account of the ground operation on the night of his takeover might be true, the claim that he was not expecting it at all makes no sense. A person as politically ambitious as Musharraf could have never left without making the necessary contingency plans. We can say this because he firmly believes in transforming challenges into opportunities. Remember that the 65 war saved him when he was to be court-martialled?

Now the area which I am about to step into is really sad but extremely relevant. There is no doubt that in 1998, he became the army chief by staging a coup against his army chief and senior colleagues because as he makes abundantly clear in the case of Lieutenant General (retired) Tariq Pervez, a corps commander’s meeting with the premier is tantamount to undermining the military discipline. He was fully aware of the fact how much friction could it cause between the military and the political set-up. He still did not relent in accepting the post. And yet within no time we witnessed the Kargil misadventure, which clearly destabilised the civilian political set-up and left behind, despite his repeated emphasis otherwise, only remorse. Could it be that even Kargil was a premeditated move to pave the way for his rise to power?

If such an assessment is really taken into cognisance, the same chain of logic can have more far reaching consequences. Yet, without further guessing, we should note with great regret that in his long reconstruction of the takeover events, he has consciously or unconsciously exposed the supposed political fault-lines in the army that make it much more prone to exploitation. Before this book, we did not know that had the Quetta corps been mobilised that fateful night, the nation could face a civil war.

In these eight years he has short-changed many of his mentors and supporters. His mushy book indeed deserves full justice and hence we continue the last week’s review of this heaven-sent opportunity.

Much has been said by the media managers of Musharraf on this rather dangerous experiment, being his attempt at Pakistan’s image building abroad.

Let me quote here from the last chapter called Reflections, in which he keeps changing many hats from Stephen Covey’s to Max Webber’s, just to show how our president presents us: “Democracy in illiterate, feudal, tribal, and parochial societies (my emphasis) has a downside. People are not elected on pure merit.” Again he makes no bones about the fact that Pakistan has been a nuclear proliferator in the past. My readers who have watched the North Korean nuclear tests will surely now understand my concern regarding the president’s indictments. Now tell me where does our collective image stand in the Western world after reading this book?

Another question is regarding our General’s ambition. He tries to project himself as a content man who had nothing to do with politics until destiny was thrust upon him. Yet on page 152, not only does he reproduce a quote from Abraham Lincoln’s letter in which he had referred to the Constitution as a limb which could be amputated to save the rest of the body or life. “In fact, I found this passage so inspirational and so beautifully worded that I have kept it in my briefcase ever since I first read it in 1990,” he writes. Wait, wait, General sahib, you were only a brigadier in 1990, why did you bother to carry an irrelevant comment on the Constitution for nearly 19 years, prior to your rise to power? Brigadiers, even though under oath to protect the Constitution, hardly have anything to do with abrogating it.

Now see the developments before and during the Kargil Operation in the light of this ambition. Thus far we have studied Kargil in military and diplomatic terms. Let us try digging out some political traces from its rubble. Karamat in Musharraf’s own words had chosen Ali Kuli as his successor. Yet he had to pay the price for talking loudly on the state of the nation’s economy. In the Corps Commanders meetings, Musharraf till then was Nawaz’s man through and through. Nawaz showed Karamat the door and brought Musharraf in. I still remember the overall downbeat morale of the forces. Interestingly enough, Musharraf was known among some of his uniformed colleagues as Nawaz’s robot. He had to do something to remove this stigma. Since now he had become the army chief, Nawaz was expendable. Hence, we witnessed the Kargil episode.

While we will deal with the operational dynamics of the Kargil episode some other time, I have two major issues with it. First, if I recollect it correctly, the purpose of the operation was to deny India an access route to Siachen, yet the operation failed to take over the Kargil-Dras Road, the main artery, sealing the fate of the operation since its very inception. Second, even though I have not read Anthony Zinni’s biography, yet from the published excerpts from his book, I gather that the General was unhappy with Nawaz as early as April 1999. Now that is a terrible indictment on his ambitions.

Let us proceed to the issue of proliferation now. What AQ Khan has done is now no secret and we cannot deny that. But there is one lingering concern. It is astonishing that the US and Musharraf both started finding some rudimentary information on AQ Khan’s activities at the same time. We have had the capacity for considerable time by then but no substantial information was carried in the international newspapers till then. It is beyond my comprehension why the reports on proliferation started surfacing in the foreign journals with devilish speed after the establishment of the National Command Authority when the proliferation had already been nipped? It somehow seems that someone from our side was feeding the information to all for some personal gains.

No, no, do not talk about the CIA. It was handing Iran the clean chit before an Iranian opposition group gave it a presentation with the proof. It could not spot the activity going on in Pokhran before the Indian nuclear tests. It has now been surprised by the North Korean detonations. Unfortunately, Musharraf, like AQ Khan, was now the only person who could provide anyone with any information. Could it be that the General wanted more clout in his own constituency and hence wanted to keep it under pressure? He has penned this book too after all. Now let us take the issue of the war on terror in which we have proven ourselves holier than the Pope. Musharraf shows great sympathy for Daniel Pearl on humanitarian grounds. But have you noted how his assassin was apprehended? “By tracing the e-mails sent by Omar Sheikh’s accomplices to the media, the police had been able to capture some of his key accomplices and relatives, and his own family as well, including his eighteen-month old son.” When the President of Pakistan announces this so proudly, I am sure his 18-month-old son must be a key accomplice.

And guess what? It keeps getting better and better. On cracking a terror network in Punjab with a tip-off from Ahmed Ghailani, he writes: “This network was finished off when, acting on information from him, we arrested fifteen more people comprising al Qaeda operatives and their families (including a newborn baby).” I am sure you must have reached the conclusion by now that this newborn was the plotter of some heinous terror plan. Goodbye, good old human rights, do not dare to return.

To cut the long story short, I am still confused where to place this book in my library. Whether in the collection of my favourite contemporary novels or in the rack dedicated to the information of strange things in the world? Can you help me out?